技术详细介绍
本实用新型专利发明可实现叶片的升力型和阻力型的自适应转换，极大提高了现有垂直轴风力发电机叶片的工作效率。
此设计参加了由羊城晚报、广州国际设计周、中国国际贸易促进委员会共同主办的2011中国低碳生活设计大奖-金羊奖，在全国398件有效参评作品中成为31份入围金羊奖作品之一。在获奖后本人设计制作了风机叶片模型并进行了吹风实验验证了叶片的工作原理。
以下是金羊奖参赛原文：
可变翼垂直轴风力发电机说明
在石油燃料高速消耗、温室气体污染严重、全球暖化已是“常识”的今天，风能作为一种清洁的可再生能源具有无可比拟的环保和可持续发展等优势。据世界气象组织（WMO）和中国气象局气象科学研究院分析，地球上可利用的风能资源为200亿kW，是地球上可利用水能的20倍。据报道全球风力理事会宣称，中国2009在新能源领域的快速发展使得风力发电量达到了25.8亿瓦，超过了德国的25.77亿瓦，仅次于美国35亿瓦，后者占据世界风力发电总量的36%。全球风能理事会同时预测，中国将在2020年前投入足以实现年发电量150亿瓦的风力涡轮机，从而超越美国，成为世界最大的风力能源生产国。
现利用风能发电主要使用风力发电机组，即水平轴风力发电机和垂直轴(又称达里厄式风力机）风力发电机，如图1-3所示。水平轴升力型风力发电机由于技术成熟应用时间长等原因，已广泛应用，尤其是大型大功率的风力发电机组，多为水平轴升力型。垂直轴型风力发电机静音效果好、重心低、空间占用小、易维护等优点，但垂直轴风轮的起动性能差也是目前业内的共识，特别是对于Darrieus式Ф型风轮，完全没有自起动能力，这也是限制垂直轴风力发电机应用的一个重要原因。我在学习阻力型和升力型垂直轴风力发电机作用原理的时候，想到能否把两者的优点结合起来，使之既有更高风能利用效率、同时也解决H型自启动能力问题。
图1，水平轴风力发电机组
图2，H型垂直轴风力发电机
图3，Φ型（D型）垂直轴风力发电机
基于图2的升力型垂直轴风力发电机机翼外形，我希望通过改变垂直轴风力发电机的叶片结构，来提高发电机的效率。我设想通过改变叶片的结构，把叶片一分为二，以叶片的前缘为轴，分为固定的叶面以及活动的叶面，如图4所示。活动叶片可随气流与叶片的相对方向变化而开启或闭合，以此增大和减小垂直轴风力发电机叶片的受力面积，进而提高发电机叶片的效率来提高发电效率，同时能解决垂直轴风力发电机的自启动问题，如图5所示。
图4，两片式叶片闭合状态示意图
图5，两片式叶片打开状态图
为演示叶片与在风中开启、闭合的原理，我制作了叶片开启、闭合动作分解图，如图6所示。同时也制作了“主旋翼叶片动作示意.gif”的动画效果图。
图6，叶片开启、闭合动作分解图
改进：
为更好的控制叶片开启、闭合，我设想在相对面的两个活动叶片之间加设活动连杆，这样就能更好地相互控制叶片的开启、和闭合，使得叶片的动作更加平顺，如图7所示。也请见“主旋翼连杆结构动作示意.gif”的动画效果图。
图7，连杆结构示意图
注：
本文部分素材摘抄自互联网。
Instruction for Vertical Axis Wind Generator of Variable Geometry Wing
With the highly consumption of oil fuel, serious pollution of greenhouse gas and global warming problems nowadays, wind energy source, as a clean and renewable source, has an incomparable superiority for its environmental protection and sustainable development. According to the analysis of WMO and Meteorological Science Academy of China Meteorological Bureau, there is 20 billion KW of usable wind resources, which is 20 times as much as that of the water energy. Global Wind Energy Council declared that the wind generating electricity in China in 2009 was 2.58 billion Watt because of the rapid development in the field of new energy, which was 2.577 billion Watt more than that of Germany, and which was second only to the United States who produced 3.5 billion Watt of wind energy. The wind energy produced in the United States accounted for 36% of the world’s total amount of wind power generation. Global Wind Energy Council predicts at the same time that wind turbines which can generate 15 billion of electricity annually will be put to use in China before the year of 2020, which thereby, will surpass the amount of the United States and become the largest wind energy producing nation.
Now wind electric generating set, that is horizontal axis wind power generator and vertical axis wind power generator, is mainly used to generate electricity as indicated in Figure 1-3. Horizontal axis lift wind generator has been widely used due to its technology maturation and long-time application, especially the large-scale and high-power wind generator sets, most of which are horizontal axis. Vertical axis wind generator has the advantages of low noise, low center of gravity, less space demand and easy repair, but it is a common sense that wind wheel of vertical axis has a poor switch ability, especially the Ф wind wheel of Darrieus, which has no automatic switch ability. This is one of the reasons why the vertical axis wind generator is restrictedly used. While I was studying the working theory of drag and lift wind generators of vertical axis, I wondered whether we could combine the advantages of the two and make the most use of the wind energy, while at the same time we could also solve the problem of switch ability of the H type.
(Figure 1. Wind Power Generator Set of Horizontal Axis)
( Figure 2. H Type Wind Power Generator of Vertical Axis)
(Figure 3. Φ/D Wind Power Generator of Vertical Axis)
As for the wing shape of the lift-force wind power generator of vertical axis (as shown in figure 2), I hope I can change the structure of the blades of the vertical axis wind power generator, so as to increase the efficiency of the generator. My idea is to cut the blade in two, and make one of them into a fixed blade and the other a movable one by changing the front edges of the blades (as shown in figure 4) into an axis. The movable blades can switch and close with the airflow and the change of opposite direction of the blades. It can increase and decrease the lifting surface area of the vertical axis wind power generator, in this way, the generating efficiency can be raised by increasing the efficiency of generator blades, and at the same time, the automatic switch problem of the vertical axis wind power generator can be solved (as shown in figure 5).
(Figure 4. Schematic Diagram of the Switch and Close Status of the Two Blades )
(Figure 5. Schematic Diagram of the Switch Status of the Two Blades )
In order to illustrate the theory of the switch and close of the blades in the wind, I have made an action decomposition chart for the switch and close of the blades and I have also made animation picture of “action demonstration for blades of main rotor ( gif.) ”
(Figure 6. Action Decomposition Chart of Switch and Close of the Blade)
Improvement
In order to have a better control of the switch and close of the blades, I’m thinking of making an additional movable rod to connect one blade to its opposite one, both of which are movable. The action of the blades will be more smooth-going in this way as is shown in Figure 7. You may also refer to animation picture of “action illustration of connecting rod of the main rotor wings (gif.)”
(Figure 7. Schematic Diagram of Connecting Rod Structure)
Note:
Part of the material of the article is quoted from the Internet.